What We Treat
Amanda Stevens
Medical Content Writer
Amanda Stevens is a highly respected figure in the field of medical content writing, with a specific focus on eating disorders and addiction treatment. Amanda earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Social Work from Purdue University, graduating Magna Cum Laude, which serves as a strong educational foundation for her contributions.
The powerful grip of heroin can lead to severe health consequences, including the risk of overdose and death. As users develop tolerance, they require increasingly larger doses to achieve the desired high, pushing their bodies to dangerous limits.
Heroin use can cause immediate respiratory depression, potentially leading to fatal overdoses, especially when combined with other substances like alcohol or benzodiazepines. Long-term use ravages the body, damaging organs, compromising the immune system, and increasing susceptibility to infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis. Heroin addiction treatment centers can help to minimize the risks of withdrawal and make it easier to start the recovery process.
Key points
Jump to Section
What is Heroin?
Heroin is a highly addictive illegal opioid drug derived from morphine, which is extracted from the seed pod of opium poppy plants.[1] It typically appears as a white or brown powder or as a black sticky substance.
Some may inject, snort, or smoke heroin, with each method of administration carrying its own risks and potential for addiction. The drug rapidly enters the brain, binding to opioid receptors involved in feelings of pain and pleasure, as well as controlling heart rate, sleeping, and breathing.
The effects of heroin use are characterized by an initial rush of euphoria, followed by a state of drowsiness and mental clouding.[2] Regular use leads to increased tolerance, requiring larger doses to achieve the same effects, and physical dependence, resulting in painful withdrawal symptoms when use is discontinued.
Heroin’s highly addictive nature stems from its ability to create intense feelings of pleasure and well-being, coupled with its rapid onset and short duration of action, which encourages repeated use and can activate the cycle of addiction.
The origins of heroin can be traced back to the late 19th century when it was first synthesized from morphine and briefly marketed as a non-addictive alternative to morphine and as a cough suppressant.[3] However, its addictive properties and dangerous side effects quickly became apparent, leading to its criminalization in many countries. Today, heroin remains a Schedule I controlled substance, indicating it has a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.[4]
Heroin Addiction and Abuse
- Rapid onset and short duration: Heroin’s effects are felt almost immediately but fade quickly, encouraging repeated use to maintain the high.
- Tolerance development: Regular use leads to decreased sensitivity to the drug, requiring increasingly larger doses to achieve the same effects.
- Severe withdrawal symptoms: When use is discontinued, individuals experience painful physical and psychological symptoms, driving continued use to avoid discomfort.
- Brain changes: Prolonged use alters brain structure and function, affecting decision-making, behavior regulation, and stress responses.
The prevalence of heroin addiction is significant and has been exacerbated by the ongoing opioid crisis. According to the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about 1.1 million people over the age of 12 reported using heroin in the past year.[6]
Heroin Quick Reference Chart
Drug Category
Commercial
& Street Names
DEA Schedule
Administration
What Are the Symptoms of Heroin Withdrawal?
Heroin withdrawal can be an incredibly uncomfortable process, often described by those who experience it as feeling like a severe case of the flu combined with intense psychological distress. The difficulty of withdrawal is one of the primary reasons many individuals struggling with heroin addiction find it hard to quit using the drug. The severity of withdrawal symptoms can vary, but they are generally considered to be extremely unpleasant and, in some cases, potentially dangerous without proper medical supervision.
Symptoms of heroin withdrawal typically begin within 6-12 hours after the last dose, peak around 2-3 days, and can last for 5-10 days in total:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal cramps
- Muscle and bone pain
- Sweating
- Chills and goosebumps
- Runny nose
- Watery eyes
- Rapid heart rate
- High blood pressure
- Fever
- Tremors or shaking
- Fatigue and weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Dehydration (due to fluid loss from sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea)
- Intense cravings for heroin
- Anxiety and restlessness
- Irritability and mood swings
- Depression
- Insomnia or sleep disturbances
- Difficulty concentrating
- Agitation
While heroin withdrawal is typically not life-threatening for otherwise healthy individuals, complications can arise, particularly from dehydration or electrolyte imbalances caused by excessive fluid loss.
The acute phase of withdrawal usually subsides within a week to ten days, but some symptoms, particularly psychological ones like depression, anxiety, and cravings, can persist for weeks or even months. This prolonged phase, known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS), can make maintaining long-term sobriety challenging without proper support and treatment.[8]
What Treatments Are Available for Heroin Addiction in Orange County?
Heroin addiction is a complex and challenging condition that requires comprehensive, evidence-based treatment approaches. The devastating impact of heroin use on individuals, families, and communities underscores the critical need for effective and accessible treatment options.
In Orange County, Able to Change Recovery offers a range of therapeutic modalities designed to address the multifaceted nature of heroin addiction, providing individuals with the tools and support necessary for lasting recovery:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Identifies and modifies negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with heroin use, promoting healthier coping mechanisms.
- Contingency Management: Employs positive reinforcement techniques to encourage abstinence and treatment adherence, often through tangible rewards.
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Combines cognitive-behavioral techniques with mindfulness, which is particularly effective for individuals dealing with co-occurring mental health issues.
- Family Therapy: Involves loved ones in the treatment process, addressing family dynamics and building a supportive recovery environment.
- Group Therapy: Provides peer support and shared experiences, fostering a sense of community and reducing feelings of isolation.
- Holistic Therapy: Integrates alternative approaches such as yoga, meditation, and nutrition to promote overall well-being and support recovery.
- Individual Therapy: Offers one-on-one sessions tailored to address personal challenges, traumas, and recovery goals.
- Mindfulness-Based Therapies: Cultivates present-moment awareness and non-judgmental acceptance, reducing stress and cravings associated with heroin addiction.
- Motivational Interviewing: Enhances internal motivation for change, helping individuals resolve ambivalence about recovery.
- Trauma-Informed Care: Recognizes the impact of trauma on addiction, providing a safe and supportive environment for healing.
- Twelve-Step Facilitation Therapy: Introduces and encourages participation in 12-step programs, fostering long-term recovery support.
Take the first step toward recovery
Frequently Asked Questions About Heroin Rehab in Orange County
Heroin rehab can be highly effective when approached comprehensively and tailored to individual needs. Success rates vary depending on factors such as the duration and intensity of addiction, co-occurring disorders, and the quality of aftercare. However, effectiveness is also heavily influenced by an individual's commitment to recovery, engagement in treatment, and access to ongoing support. It's important to note that recovery is often a long-term process, and many individuals may require multiple treatment episodes before achieving lasting sobriety.
Rehabs addressing co-occurring mental health disorders typically employ an integrated treatment approach known as dual diagnosis treatment. This method recognizes the interconnected nature of substance use and mental health disorders, treating both simultaneously. A comprehensive assessment is usually conducted at intake to identify any co-occurring disorders. Treatment plans are then tailored to address both heroin addiction and mental health issues, often involving a combination of medication management, individual therapy, group therapy, and specialized interventions. Many rehabs have psychiatrists on staff or work closely with mental health professionals to ensure proper care for drug and alcohol addiction.
Relapse can happen after rehab, but it's important to view it as a potential part of the recovery process rather than a failure. The chronic nature of addiction means that relapse rates for substance use disorders are similar to those for other chronic diseases like diabetes or hypertension.
However, a relapse doesn't negate the progress made in treatment. Instead, it indicates that treatment may need to be reinstated or adjusted or that alternative treatment methods should be tried. Many individuals achieve long-term sobriety after multiple treatment episodes. Rehabs often focus on teaching relapse prevention strategies and coping skills to help individuals navigate high-risk situations and manage cravings effectively.
Aftercare services play a crucial role in maintaining long-term sobriety after heroin rehab. Typical aftercare services include ongoing individual counseling, which allows individuals to continue working on personal issues and coping strategies. Group therapy or support groups, such as Narcotics Anonymous, provide peer support and accountability.
Many rehabs offer alumni programs, fostering a sense of community and ongoing connection to the treatment center. Medication management may continue for those using medication-assisted treatment. Sober living homes or halfway houses can provide a transitional environment with structure and support. Some programs offer vocational training or educational support to help individuals reintegrate into society. Case managers might also be available to assist with housing, legal issues, or other healthcare needs on an outpatient treatment basis.
[1] National Institute on Drug Abuse. (n.d.). Heroin. National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/heroin on September 23, 2024
[2] National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). What are the immediate (short-term) effects of heroin use? National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-immediate-short-term-effects-heroin-use on September 23, 2024
[3] From cough medicine to deadly addiction, a century of heroin and drug abuse policy. (1999). Medicine.yale.edu. https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/from-cough-medicine-to-deadly-addiction-a-century/ on September 23, 2024
[4] United States Drug Enforcement Administration. (2018, July 10). Drug Scheduling. Www.dea.gov. https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/drug-scheduling#:~:text=Schedule%20I%20drugs%2C%20substances%2C%20or on September 23, 2024
[5] Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). Heroin. Better Health Channel. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/heroin on September 23, 2024
[6] National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018, June). What is the scope of heroin use in the United States? National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states on September 23, 2024
[7] Shah, M., & Huecker, M. R. (2019, June 4). Opioid Withdrawal. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526012/ on September 23, 2024
[8] Haskell, B. (2022). Identification and Evidence-Based Treatment of Post–Acute Withdrawal Syndrome. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 18(3), 272–275. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1555415521005523 on September 23, 2024